Abstract

1. Abstract
A 55-year-old female underwent ventricular septal repair 11 years ago. Symptoms of chest distress and fatigue gradually worsened during the 6-month period before she came to our clinic. Echocardiography showed the continuous integrity of the ventricular septum together with aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation (the maximum pressure gradient was up to 13 mm Hg). Due to the special anatomical structures and high surgical risk of this patient, we used a 3D printed model preoperatively and intraoperative guidance of digital subtraction angiography to guide the TAVR. Postoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed a significant reduction of the pressure gradient in the aortic valve with no paravalvular leakage. The postoperative 3D printed model showed that the bioprosthesis was well placed. Therefore, TAVR is a feasible method for patients who have levocardia with aortic valve diseases under the guidance of 3D printing.