
1. Abstract
1.1. Background: Intravitreal Injection (IVI) of avastin is a very common vitreoretinal procedure, and multiple injections are often required per patient. Patient pain during IVI under topical anesthesia is mild to moderate regardless of anesthetic technique. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous intravenous injection of fentanyl or remifentanil to topical anesthetic techniques with tetracaine 0.5 % in reducing pain during IVI of avastin.