Abstract

Nephrolithiasis is a stone formed from mineral deposits in the bladder. When bladder stones clog the urinary tract, there will be complaints in the form of difficulty and pain when urinating, even bloody urine (hematuria). Nephrolithiasis can happen to anyone, including children. Symptoms associated with urinary tract stones depend on the location of the stone, the size of the stone, and any complications that have occurred. Usually stones in the kidney calyx are asymptomatic. When the stone falls off and descends into the narrow ureter, it becomes symptomatic. Stones generally get stuck in the narrowest part of the ureter, such as the ureteropelvic junction, when the ureter crosses the iliac vasa, and the ureterovesical junction. This article purpose is to review diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis.